Healthy dog food
helps maintain your dog's
immune system

Healthy dog food can help support your dog’s immune system. The immune system is the body’s defense mechanism, which fights off disease through many complex processes. Antioxidants in the diet also play a key role in the body’s immune response.

What are free radicals?

Free radicals are formed during a process called oxidation, in which oxygen interacts with other compounds in the body.

These molecules are produced during normal bodily functions, such as when cells burn food for energy or when the body is fighting off bacteria or viruses. Therefore, free radicals are found in species who require oxygen to survive (i.e., human, dogs, cats etc.).

A free radical is any molecule that possesses an unpaired electron, making it unstable. In order for a free radical to stabilize, it typically intrudes on cells in the body. In doing so, free radicals tend to transform once stable cells into a string of unstable molecules.

Although free-radicals are essential to many metabolic reactions within the body, including muscle function, digestion of food and support of the immune system’s ability to kill germs, they can cause damage when reacting with important cellular components.

As free radicals are highly reactive, they can bind to, and ultimately damage any normal cell part within the body, such as DNA. Damage to such cell components can lead to improper cell function and even cell death.

In summary, although dogs need oxygen to live (their body uses oxygen to burn “fuel,” or dietary calories), this generates detrimental by-products in the form of free radicals. Free radicals “corrode” the body by stripping electrons from any other molecules they meet in a domino-like chain reaction.

What are antioxidants?

Antioxidants are molecules that can bind to free radicals by donating one of their own electrons, stabilizing them and stopping the reaction they cause, thereby potentially reducing damage to the cells of the body.
When donating electrons, antioxidants do not become free radicals themselves, since they are stable in all forms.

It is estimated that each body cell endures 10,000 oxidative hits every day from free radicals, making antioxidants important for warding off cell damage by “cleaning up” or removing free radicals before they can do harm.

Thankfully, the body can rely on 2 types of antioxidant systems:

• The first is a set of antioxidant enzymes already present in the body. Some specific antioxidant enzymes convert free radicals into harmless water or oxygen while others degrade oxidized molecules, or clip out and replace damaged pieces of DNA.
• The second type of antioxidants are introduced to the body through diet. Vitamins and other non-vitamins such as lutein, lycopene, carotenoids and polyphenols all act as antioxidants. They can be found in ingredients such as spinach, kale, tomatoes, carrots, sweet potatoes, apples, blueberries and green tea.

How does this work in my dog’s body?

As mentioned above, free radicals are a product of normal bodily functions. However, a few external factors can also trigger the production of free radicals if your dog is exposed to them. These include:

• Pollution
• Environmental stress
• Excessive sun exposure
• Manufactured chemicals
• Unbalanced exercise
• Certain medications and/or treatments

These factors create a surplus of free radicals in their body. It is the imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract their harmful effects that results in aging and age-related diseases such osteoarthritis, neurodegeneration, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Free radicals are most often involved in disease development or cell damage that leads to aging, whereas antioxidants are closely involved in the prevention of these.

Basically, dogs’ bodies naturally do get “rusty” over time (natural degradation, environmental factors) just like metal. Free radicals act like the rusting process. Antioxidants act like rustproofing.  

How can dogs benefit from natural antioxidants through their diet?

Dogs have built-in defenses to reduce the impact of free radicals; however, dietary antioxidants are also beneficial. Specifically, a number of plants contain naturally occurring compounds that act as antioxidants.

Various fruits and vegetables have been analyzed by scientists to measure their antioxidant power (oxygen radical absorbance capacity or ORAC). Higher ORAC values imply a higher measured antioxidant activity. For instance:

• Berries and berry products (e.g., blueberries and blackberries) are excellent antioxidant sources. With their high content of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, they can improve memory in dogs¹.
• Carotenoids (red, yellow and orange pigments found in plant food such as carrots and tomatoes) also pack a powerful antioxidant punch. It has been shown that dietary beta-carotene stimulates natural defense responses in dogs².